Dr Rui Lopes, Clinical Advisor at OMED Health tells us about the connections between gut microbiomes and hormones, particularly within women, and how breath analysis technology is helping people make sense of the relationship in non-invasive methods.
Innovative research into the gut microbiome tells us that gut health impacts the whole body, from our hormone levels to our skin. The gut microbiome refers to bacteria, viruses, fungi and multiple other organisms that live in your gut and have a mutually beneficial relationship (for the most part) with your body to support key functions, such as digestion.
However, did you know that the gut microbiome also influences your reproductive health? This happens through changes in hormone regulation, immune function, nutrient metabolism and a variety of other pathways. Certain bacteria in the gut, particularly a group known as the ‘estrobolome’, helps regulate levels of fundamental hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which are vital for menstrual cycle regularity and symptoms, follicle development, ovulation and overall reproductive health.
The complex interplay of all these hormones during different stages of the menstrual cycle is a delicate process. This means that an imbalance in the gut microbiome, known as dysbiosis, can have far reaching effects. Poor gut health has been associated with several reproductive conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis and severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Additionally, hormone fluctuations throughout the menstrual cycle can also affect the gut. For instance, high oestrogen levels can slow down digestion, which explains why many women experience bloating, constipation and nausea in days leading up to menstruation. Progesterone, on the other hand, can have the opposite effect and speed up digestion, leading to symptoms like diarrhoea during certain phases of the cycle.
Women are 1.5 times more likely to experience IBS than men and reproductive hormone shifts are thought to be a contributing factor. Given the close relationship between hormones and gut bacteria, improving gut health may not only help with digestive issues but also support regular menstrual cycles and reduce related symptoms.
Innovations in breath analysis technology are offering new ways to test and monitor gut issues that avoid the discomfort of stool tests or more invasive procedures. At-home devices like the OMED Health Breath Analyser and App aim to help sufferers learn more about what triggers their digestive discomfort. Linked to a clinician network, users can collect breath samples via the device to measure the levels of hydrogen and methane in the breath. These gases are produced by gut bacteria and can give sufferers real insight into the gut, especially when captured alongside key symptoms and dietary factors via the app. With this data, clinicians can advise on the most appropriate treatment should it be needed or provide other guidance to help individuals make informed decisions about their gut health.